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History of Islamic Finance Islamic finance is based on the Islamic principles of Shariah that ban interest, riba, and contractual ambiguity. These principles strive to promote ethical investments and adherence to risk and profit-sharing. Islamic finance has been historically concentrated in South East Asia and the Persian Gulf but has...
The national currency rate on the international exchange reflects the state of the country’s economy. The exchange rate has an ambiguous effect on the functioning of the economic system: any change in its dynamics is accompanied by a variety of macroeconomic effects that carry both a stabilizing and a destabilizing...
Introduction In the modern world, the question of organizing public-private partnership (PPP) increases in its relevance. The effectiveness of innovative activities relies significantly on close interaction between the economy’s sectors, both private and public. The exceptional importance of public-private partnerships (PPPs) as an effective method for implementing latest innovation policy...
Abstract Egypt was the first country to introduce the concept of Islamic banking in the financial sector. It has since gained massive popularity because of its relevance among the locals. In this paper, the focus was to determine profit efficiency of conventional and Islamic banks in the country. The study...
Introduction The 1944 Bretton Woods agreement made other world countries switch from backing their currencies with gold to backing them with dollars. It was proclaimed that it was possible to redeem dollar reserves in gold upon request – a promise that was broken by President Nixon who separated the dollar...
Introduction The question of whether bonds provide a lower risk investment than shares is one that cannot be answered directly. One must consider the external environment (investment cycle), with regard to interest rates and inflation, the internal environment of the concerned corporation, and the goals of the investor. An analysis...
Demand and supply is the foundation of any economic analysis as the interaction of the two forms a market. The law of demand and supply works in divergent ways in the sense that, when prices of commodities changes, demand and supply will change in opposite direction holding other factors constant....
Cash flows Net cash flows, the difference between cash inflows and cash outflows, can be computed for any kind of business or employment. When analyzing a viable investment opportunity, cash flow is often grouped into three, these are, initial investment cost, operating cash flows, and terminal cash flows. These cash...
Executive Summary Due to changes in business dynamics, technology and increase in pressure on Companies and businesses to diversify their operations and capture a greater market area, numerous products have being produced. This has affected Sony Ericson negatives as it has reduced its sales. In 2007, for example, when Apple...
About the Economy of Saudi Arabia Production and export of oil is the major economic activity in Saudi Arabia. The population of the country is 28.2 million while the unemployment rate is 10.9%. The inflation rate for the country stands at 5.0%. The government heavily relies on fiscal policies to...
Introduction Business ethics is a field of study that analyzes all the moral and ethical principles that govern the conduct of all the involved parties in commercial relations. This implies that business ethics is normative and it requires the formulation and application of certain standards which establish ways of deciding...
Executive summary This report entails a comprehensive analysis of annual financial reporting. In a bid to understand the topic better, the paper has undertaken a comprehensive background study on the concept of annual financial reporting. The paper also outlines the essential elements for effective financial reporting, which include ensuring that...
Definition Infection of the urinary tract (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infection. (Swartz, 2010). According to Ronald (2002) UTIs account for up to 8 millions ambulatory care visits and 1.5 million discharges are diagnosed a year in the United States. Urinary tract infections may be classified as...
Introduction The specifics of the nursing environment include its complexity, high level of stress, constricted resources combined with the need for improved performance, and rapid changes (Yi & Park, 2015). These specifics require proper management and leadership, and in the context of a nursing unit, the Nursing Unit Manager (NUM)...
Introduction There is a large variety of mental health problems that can affect a person’s well-being and their ability to partake in society positively. Many of such issues are either acquired throughout one’s life and exposure to different events, or influences outside a person’s control. One such condition is Post-traumatic...
The healthcare industry deals with various medical and managerial issues, the number and complexity of which is always increasing. In this context, chronic diseases occupy a distinctive niche since they require specific approaches of investigation, control, prediction, and treatment. This paper aims at examining the chronic disease process, namely, asthma,...
What is risk management? In every form of business activity, the possibilities of risks are common eventualities. Therefore, evaluating possible risks and finding way in which to avoid them or reduce their impact on the business is referred to as risk management. This involves a routine verification of the business’...
Overview This memo attempts to analyze the financial performance of SAC for the financial year 2005 and 2006. Out of the several different types of financial analysis techniques available, this memo uses the ratio analysis method. It will not provide an exhaustive ratio analysis; rather a limited number of primary...
ABC is one of the costing techniques that are applied by many firms in order to establish the costs incurred by the firm in the course of its production. The method makes use of cost objects to assign direct overhead costs. It pools overhead costs into homogenous cost pools with...
Introduction Item Amount $m 2011 Amount $m 2010 Amount $m 2009 Industry averages Return on Equity 12,942/45,911 =0.28 11,464/49,430 =0.23 4,369/41,704 =0.105 0.12 Return on Assets 12,942/71,119 =0.18 11,464/63,186 =0.18 4,369/53,095 =0.082 0.0440 Net profit margin 12,942/53,999 =0.24 11,464/43,623 =0.26 4,369/35,127 =0.12 0.0872 Gross profit margin 33,757/53,999 =0.63 28,491/43,623 =0.65...
Introduction The number of international agencies across the world is escalating rapidly courtesy of globalization. With globalization and global warming, the need for better health care systems is paramount as the status of health of individuals across the world is deteriorating due to the repercussions of globalization and global warning...
Long-term care is a term referring to personal assistance helping the elderly in poor health and adult living with disability to live a quality life. Additionally, it helps those living with acute or terminal illnesses be able to manage their lives with the needed relief and security (Gleckman, 2010). Personal...
There are six fundamental principles of Islamic banking. The first of these principles is the sanctity of contract. Prior to the execution of any transaction in the Islamic banking system, the parties involved have to ascertain that the transaction is valid (halal), in line with the Shariah law (Hasan 10)....
The management should come up with a policy document that describes how the capital raised by the company will be allocated to several projects. Capital budgeting refers to the process where management decides which certain investments are worth pursuing. The company has to choose which to use in capital budgeting....
Introduction Every society has behavioural tolerance limits beyond which the individual is considered deviant. Deviancy may also include criminal activities that are punished through legal systems. People strive to live in harmony with each other and assured of quality security by their nations. Several scholars have advanced different theories to...
Background Introduction The performance of the stock market is considered one of the most important indicators of the economic development of any country. Stock markets aid economic development and growth through efficient channeling of savings into investment. Almost every country in the world has its stock market, though there are...
Introduction The global financial crisis has led to the collapse of major banks, others merged with each other’s while others become completely bankrupt; currently, there are so many banks in the market and all are competing for customers, investors, and cash. The intense competition has made banks think of new...
Hypothesis testing is a commonly used and indispensable aspect of statistics. Also referred to as confirmatory data analysis or significance testing, hypothesis testing is a statistical terminology that alludes to the procedure of selecting probability dispersion between contesting hypotheses (Davies, 2009, p.2). The observed or experimental data is systematically used...
Long-term care challenge The long-term care is a huge complex design of services that has emerged over a significantly short time. As the system continues to change and grow, new challenges emerge globally and New York in particular. Unstable financing, workforce challenges, insufficient beds, delivery of quality care, measuring quality...
Background Information Congestive heart failure or chronic heart failure “is a condition that reflects the impairment of the pumping action of the left ventricle of the heart” (Maisttison, 2005, p.23). As a result, blood flow from the left ventricle of the heart into the aorta and into the peripheral aortic...
Cash flow computations VIENNA ORTHOPEDICS PTY LTD EXPANSION PLAN Income Capital Expenditure Fitting Machine Furniture Year1 $300,000.00 Year 1 $50,000.00 $25,000.00 Year2 $330,000.00 Year 2 Year3 $363,000.00 Year 3 Year4 $399,300.00 Year 4 Year5 $399,300.00 Year 5 ($5,000.00) Direct costs Working capital Year 1 $60,000.00 Year 1 $10,000.00 Year 2...
The global financial crisis of the year 2007-2008 was a complex, multifaceted process. The crisis was an interplay of both macroeconomic and micro-level factors. During this period, there was a proliferation of new financial instruments, which were not accurate in predicting the value of many economic systems. The Global crisis...
Introduction Investment Projects are decisions that companies face when conducting business. It is of essence to carry out proper project analysis before injecting funds into a venture. This is because investment projects require a lot of capital. Also, they are irreversible, that is, once a project kicks off, it is...
Financial statements are useless because they are incomplete; not all assets or liabilities are included Financial statements show the financial position of a company. Determination of the financial position helps the management in strategic planning. In addition, financial statements are the most important documents that help investors in making investment...
Introduction Investment banks have been instrumental in the growth of the US economy. Historically, investment banks have enabled businesses to raise raising capital, in addition to facilitating the sale and financing of bonds and securities. Investment banks have also been instrumental in corporate mergers and acquisitions (the United States General...
Introduction Preparation of financial statements is done in line with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) regulations. A financial statement should reflect a true, fair, and reliable view of the business. Regulators, investors, and other business stakeholders make use of the financial statements. Thus, the financial statements aid in assessing...
Introduction Cash rates are interest rates that financial institutions pay to borrow from the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), or charge to lend money in the money market (Bernanke, Olekalns, & Frank, 2011). These rates are fixed and maintained by the RBA in Australia. The bank has a mandate of...
Clinical teaching occurs in the process of taking care of patients. It is an interpersonal relationship between clinical students and teachers. Clinical teaching is necessary, in order to equip nurses with the required knowledge in the field of nursing. Personally, I have experience in nursing for seven years now, and...
Health Information Systems are revolutionizing the way people access medical services. The information revolution brought about by the development of Information Technology in the last half of the twentieth century is responsible for this phenomenon. The advantages of Health Information Systems in medical services include the use of decision support...
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